What is the primary distinction between active and passive stretching?

Active stretching involves the individual actively engaging their muscles to stretch a particular muscle group, typically by contracting the opposing (antagonist) muscle. This contraction helps facilitate the stretching of the target muscle. For example, when performing a hamstring stretch, one might engage the quadriceps to aid the stretch of the hamstrings.

In contrast, passive stretching relies on an external force to achieve the stretch. This can be accomplished through the use of a partner, equipment like straps, or gravity, without the individual actively contracting their muscles.

The distinction is crucial because the engagement of the antagonist muscle during active stretching not only stretches the target muscle but also creates tension within the muscle fibers, promoting flexibility and improving range of motion. This mechanism makes active stretching particularly effective for dynamic movements and athletic performance enhancement.